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Mechanism of Action
SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic tetrapeptide that selectively targets mitochondrial cardiolipin on the inner membrane. It stabilizes electron transport chain complexes, prevents cytochrome c peroxidase activity, preserves cristae structure, and optimizes oxidative phosphorylation. SS-31 reduces ROS at the site of production rather than scavenging downstream.
Key Research Findings
- Restored mitochondrial ATP production in aged cardiomyocytes to levels comparable with young cells
- Improved skeletal muscle performance and exercise tolerance in aged mice after 8 weeks
- Protected renal tubular cells from cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction
- Reversed age-related redox stress in skeletal muscle proteome
- TAZPOWER trial showed improved 6-Minute Walk Test and cardiac stroke volume in Barth syndrome
Peer-Reviewed Studies (5)
Szeto HH
British Journal of Pharmacology (2014)
Comprehensive review of SS-31 mechanism targeting mitochondrial cardiolipin
Siegel MP, Kruse SE, et al.
Aging Cell (2013)
Single SS-31 treatment rapidly improved mitochondrial coupling and maximal ATP production in aged mouse skeletal muscle
Campbell MD, Duan J, et al.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine (2019)
8 weeks of SS-31 reversed age-related energetic deficits and increased treadmill endurance
Birk AV, Liu S, et al.
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)
SS-31 re-energized ischemic mitochondria and protected kidney structure through direct cardiolipin interaction
Reid Thompson W, et al.
Genetics in Medicine (2021)
TAZPOWER trial demonstrated improvements in 6-Minute Walk Test and cardiac function
Research Disclaimer: The studies referenced above are from publicly available peer-reviewed literature. Pepta Labs products are sold strictly for research purposes. They are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or as dietary supplements. All information is provided for educational and research reference only.