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Mechanism of Action
MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded in the 12S rRNA gene — the first known mitochondrial-encoded peptide with hormonal function (mitokine). It activates AMPK signaling, enhances glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation, and under metabolic stress translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
Key Research Findings
- Prevented age-dependent insulin resistance and diet-induced obesity through AMPK activation
- Improved physical performance in aged mice comparable to young controls
- Exercise upregulates circulating MOTS-c in humans, establishing it as an exercise-responsive mitokine
Peer-Reviewed Studies (4)
Lee C, Zeng J, et al.
Cell Metabolism (2015)
Identified MOTS-c as a novel mitokine that prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance through AMPK
Kim KH, Son JM, et al.
Cell Metabolism (2018)
MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus in an AMPK-dependent manner during metabolic stress
Reynolds JC, Lai RW, et al.
Nature Communications (2021)
Exercise induces endogenous MOTS-c in humans; exogenous MOTS-c enhanced physical capacity in aged mice
Kim SJ, Miller B, et al.
Physiological Reports (2019)
MOTS-c improved insulin sensitivity and beta-oxidation through metabolite modulation
Research Disclaimer: The studies referenced above are from publicly available peer-reviewed literature. Pepta Labs products are sold strictly for research purposes. They are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or as dietary supplements. All information is provided for educational and research reference only.