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Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper complex found in human plasma that declines with age. It stimulates collagen I, III, and elastin synthesis via TGF-beta signaling, activates metalloproteinases for tissue remodeling, and modulates expression of over 4,000 genes. The copper ion serves as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase.
Key Research Findings
- Stimulated collagen synthesis by 70% above baseline in human fibroblast cultures
- Gene expression analysis revealed modulation of 4,000+ genes across repair and antioxidant pathways
- Accelerated wound closure in diabetic rat models with improved collagen organization
- Plasma levels decline from ~200 ng/mL at age 20 to ~80 ng/mL by age 60
Peer-Reviewed Studies (4)
Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A
BioMed Research International (2015)
Review of GHK-Cu effects on 4,000+ genes relevant to skin biology, tissue repair, and antioxidant defense
Pickart L, Margolina A
International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2018)
Demonstrated wound healing, anti-cancer gene modulation, DNA repair, and anti-pain activities
Arul V, Kartha R, Jayakumar R
Life Sciences (2007)
GHK-incorporated collagen scaffolds significantly enhanced wound healing in diabetic rats
Pickart L
Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition (2008)
Review establishing GHK-Cu as a key regulator of tissue remodeling
Research Disclaimer: The studies referenced above are from publicly available peer-reviewed literature. Pepta Labs products are sold strictly for research purposes. They are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or as dietary supplements. All information is provided for educational and research reference only.